talonspider - 简单的爬虫框架 - DannyWu博客

摘要

一些简单的页面，无需用比较大的框架来进行爬取，自己纯手写又比较麻烦因此针对这个需求写了talonspider:

2.1.item
2.2.spider

1.为什么写这个？

一些简单的页面，无需用比较大的框架来进行爬取，自己纯手写又比较麻烦

因此针对这个需求写了talonspider:

1.针对单页面的item提取 - 具体介绍点这里
2.spider模块 - 具体介绍点这里

2.介绍&&使用

2.1.item

这个模块是可以独立使用的，对于一些请求比较简单的网站（比如只需要get请求），单单只用这个模块就可以快速地编写出你想要的爬虫，比如(以下使用python3，python2见examples目录)：

2.1.1.单页面单目标

比如要获取这个网址http://book.qidian.com/info/1004608738 的书籍信息，封面等信息，可直接这样写：

import time from talonspider import Item, TextField, AttrField from pprint import pprint  class TestSpider(Item):     title = TextField(css_select='.book-info>h1>em')     author = TextField(css_select='a.writer')     cover = AttrField(css_select='a#bookImg>img', attr='src')      def tal_title(self, title):         return title      def tal_cover(self, cover):         return 'http:' + cover  if __name__ == '__main__':     item_data = TestSpider.get_item(url='http://book.qidian.com/info/1004608738')     pprint(item_data)

具体见qidian_details_by_item.py

2.1.1.单页面多目标

比如获取豆瓣250电影首页展示的25部电影，这一个页面有25个目标，可直接这样写：

from talonspider import Item, TextField, AttrField from pprint import pprint  # 定义继承自item的爬虫类 class DoubanSpider(Item):     target_item = TextField(css_select='div.item')     title = TextField(css_select='span.title')     cover = AttrField(css_select='div.pic>a>img', attr='src')     abstract = TextField(css_select='span.inq')      def tal_title(self, title):         if isinstance(title, str):             return title         else:             return ''.join([i.text.strip().replace('/xa0', '') for i in title])  if __name__ == '__main__':     items_data = DoubanSpider.get_items(url='https://movie.douban.com/top250')     result = []     for item in items_data:         result.append({             'title': item.title,             'cover': item.cover,             'abstract': item.abstract,         })     pprint(result)

具体见douban_page_by_item.py

2.2.spider

当需要爬取有层次的页面时，比如爬取豆瓣250全部电影，这时候spider部分就派上了用场：

# !/usr/bin/env python from talonspider import Spider, Item, TextField, AttrField, Request from talonspider.utils import get_random_user_agent   # 定义继承自item的爬虫类 class DoubanItem(Item):     target_item = TextField(css_select='div.item')     title = TextField(css_select='span.title')     cover = AttrField(css_select='div.pic>a>img', attr='src')     abstract = TextField(css_select='span.inq')      def tal_title(self, title):         if isinstance(title, str):             return title         else:             return ''.join([i.text.strip().replace('/xa0', '') for i in title])   class DoubanSpider(Spider):     # 定义起始url，必须     start_urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/top250']     # requests配置     request_config = {         'RETRIES': 3,         'DELAY': 0,         'TIMEOUT': 20     }     # 解析函数 必须有     def parse(self, html):         # 将html转化为etree         etree = self.e_html(html)         # 提取目标值生成新的url         pages = [i.get('href') for i in etree.cssselect('.paginator>a')]         pages.insert(0, '?start=0&filter=')         headers = {             "User-Agent": get_random_user_agent()         }         for page in pages:             url = self.start_urls[0] + page             yield Request(url, request_config=self.request_config, headers=headers, callback=self.parse_item)      def parse_item(self, html):         items_data = DoubanItem.get_items(html=html)         # result = []         for item in items_data:             # result.append({             #     'title': item.title,             #     'cover': item.cover,             #     'abstract': item.abstract,             # })             # 保存             with open('douban250.txt', 'a+') as f:                 f.writelines(item.title + '/n')   if __name__ == '__main__':     DoubanSpider.start()

控制台：

/Users/howie/anaconda3/envs/work3/bin/python /Users/howie/Documents/programming/python/git/talonspider/examples/douban_page_by_spider.py 2017-06-07 23:17:30,346 - talonspider - INFO: talonspider started 2017-06-07 23:17:30,693 - talonspider_requests - INFO: GET a url: https://movie.douban.com/top250 2017-06-07 23:17:31,074 - talonspider_requests - INFO: GET a url: https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=25&filter= 2017-06-07 23:17:31,416 - talonspider_requests - INFO: GET a url: https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=50&filter= 2017-06-07 23:17:31,853 - talonspider_requests - INFO: GET a url: https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=75&filter= 2017-06-07 23:17:32,523 - talonspider_requests - INFO: GET a url: https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=100&filter= 2017-06-07 23:17:33,032 - talonspider_requests - INFO: GET a url: https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=125&filter= 2017-06-07 23:17:33,537 - talonspider_requests - INFO: GET a url: https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=150&filter= 2017-06-07 23:17:33,990 - talonspider_requests - INFO: GET a url: https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=175&filter= 2017-06-07 23:17:34,406 - talonspider_requests - INFO: GET a url: https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=200&filter= 2017-06-07 23:17:34,787 - talonspider_requests - INFO: GET a url: https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=225&filter= 2017-06-07 23:17:34,809 - talonspider - INFO: Time usage：0:00:04.462108  Process finished with exit code 0

此时当前目录会生成douban250.txt，具体见douban_page_by_spider.py。